Other strategies are based on the renovation of Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems either by improving existing equipment as proposed by Che et al.
5 and even the development of new materials as proposed by Chung et al. 4, envelope insulation improvement as indicated by Terés-Zubiaga et al. In the case of existing buildings, the most common renovation strategies are usually focused on envelope improvement (for instance, window replacement as suggested by Aste et al. 3, make it necessary to propose alternatives in order to be able to achieve these CO 2 emission reduction targets through other solutions. However, the large number of existing buildings that still do not comply with these standards, as well as their slow renovation process, as indicated in the research developed by D'Agostino et al. In the European construction sector, the nearly-Zero Energy Buildings (nZEB) regulation has been issued in the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPDB) 2010/31/EU 1 for all new buildings after 31 December 2020. This model confirms it is possible to obtain simulations in existing public buildings with an acceptable degree of precision and without laborious modelling, which would make it easier to achieve the nZEB target, especially in existing public office buildings. The results show a reasonable correlation between the real data of the Operative Temperature with the Energy Consumption and their estimates obtained through an ANN model, trained using an hourly basis, on each of the floors of an office building. In this paper, an example has been developed based on ANN. This can simulate the effect of a single or combined intervention on a particular floor or an event on the remaining floors. Using Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) allows a digital twin of the building to be obtained for specific characteristics without using very expensive software. Obviously, before undertaking a modification in any part of a building focused on improving the energy performance, it is generally better to carry out simulations to evaluate its effectiveness.
In the field of construction, several options are proposed to reach nearly-Zero Energy Building (nZEB) standards. Nowadays everyone should be aware of the importance of reducing CO 2 emissions which produce the greenhouse effect.
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